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Christian ethics developed while early Christians
were subjects of the Roman Empire. From the time Nero blamed
Christians for setting Rome ablaze (64 AD) until Galarius
(311 AD), persecutions against Christians erupted periodically.
Consequently, early Christian ethics included discussions
of how believers should relate to Roman authority and to
the empire.Under the Emperor Constantine I (312-337), Christianity
became the religion of the state. While some scholars debate
whether Constantine's conversion to Christianity was authentic
or simply matter of political expediency, Constantine's
decree made the empire safe for Christian practice and belief.
Consequently, issues of Christian doctrine, ethics and church
practice were debated openly. By the time of Theodosius
I (379-395), Christianity had become the normative religion
of the empire. With Christianity now in power, ethical concerns
broaden and included discussions of the proper role of the
state.Saint Augustine adapted Plato, and later, after the
Islamic transmission of his works, Aquinas worked Aristotelian
philosophy into a Christian framework.Christian ethics in
general has tended to stress the need for grace, mercy,
and forgiveness because of human weakness. With divine assistance,
the Christian is called to become increasingly virtuous
in both thought and deed. Conversely, the Christian is also
called to abstain from vice. There are several different
schema of vice and virtue. Aquinas adopted the four cardinal
virtues of Plato, (justice, courage, temperance, prudence)
and added to them the Christian virtues of faith, hope and
love (from St.Paul, First Corinthians 13). Other schema
include the Seven Deadly Sins and the Seven virtues. For
more see Christian philosophy.
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